Fiber ea carbon, e tsejoang e le morena oa thepa e ncha lekholong la bo21 la lilemo, ke perela e khanyang ea thepa.Carbon fiber (CF) ke mofuta oa fiber ea tlhaho e nang le khabone e fetang 90%.Li-organic fibers (viscose based, pitch based, polyacrylonitrile based fibers, joalo-joalo) li entsoe ka pyrolyzed le carbonized ka mocheso o phahameng ho etsa mokokotlo oa carbon.
Joaloka moloko o mocha oa fiber e matlafalitsoeng, carbon fiber e na le thepa e babatsehang ea mechine le ea lik'hemik'hale.Ha e na feela litšobotsi tsa tlhaho tsa lisebelisoa tsa carbon, empa hape e na le bonolo le ts'ebetso ea fiber ea textile.Ka hona, e sebelisoa haholo sebakeng sa lifofane, lisebelisoa tsa matla, lipalangoang, lipapali le libaka tsa boikhathollo
Boima bo bobebe: joalo ka lisebelisoa tse ncha tse nang le ts'ebetso e ntle haholo, boima ba carbon fiber bo batla bo lekana le ba magnesium le beryllium, ka tlase ho 1/4 ea tšepe.Ho sebelisa motsoako oa carbon fiber e le thepa ea mohaho ho ka fokotsa boima ba sebopeho ka 30% - 40%.
Matla a phahameng le modulus e phahameng: matla a khethehileng a carbon fiber a phahame ka makhetlo a 5 ho feta a tšepe le makhetlo a 4 ho feta a alloy aluminium;Modulus e khethehileng ke linako tse 1.3-12.3 tsa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa meralo.
E nyenyane ea katoloso coefficient: mocheso katoloso coefficient ea boholo ba k'habone fibers e mpe mocheso oa kamore, 0 ho 200-400 ℃, 'me ke 1.5 feela ka tlase ho 1000 ℃ × 10-6 / K, ha ho bonolo ho atolosa le ho holofala ka lebaka la mosebetsi o phahameng. mocheso.
Ho hanyetsa ho bola ha lik'hemik'hale tse ntle: carbon fiber e na le lik'hemik'hale tse ngata tse hloekileng tsa carbon, 'me carbon ke e' ngoe ea lik'hemik'hale tse tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa, tse hlahisang ts'ebetso ea eona e tsitsitseng haholo tikolohong ea asiti le alkali, e ka etsoang mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa lik'hemik'hale tse thibelang ho bola.
Ho hanyetsa mokhathala o matla: sebopeho sa carbon fiber se tsitsitse.Ho ea ka lipalo-palo tsa marang-rang a polymer, ka mor'a liteko tse limilione tsa liteko tsa mokhathala oa khatello ea kelello, tekanyo ea ho boloka matla ea motsoako e ntse e le 60%, ha tšepe e le 40%, aluminium ke 30%, 'me polasetiki e matlafalitsoeng ka khalase ke 20 feela. % - 25%.
Motsoako oa fiber ea carbon ke ho matlafatsa carbon fiber.Le hoja fiber ea carbon e ka sebelisoa e le 'ngoe' me ea bapala mosebetsi o itseng, ke ntho e brittle ka mor'a tsohle.Ke feela ha e kopantsoe le thepa ea matrix ho theha motsoako oa carbon fiber e ka fanang ka papali e ntle ho thepa ea eona ea mechine le ho jara meroalo e mengata.
Likhoele tsa carbon li ka aroloa ho ea ka litekanyo tse fapaneng joalo ka mofuta oa pele, mokhoa oa tlhahiso le ts'ebetso
Ho ea ka mofuta oa selelekela: polyacrylonitrile (Pan) e thehiloeng, pitch e thehiloeng (isotropic, mesophase);Motheo oa Viscose (selulose motheo, rayon base).Har'a bona, polyacrylonitrile (Pan) e thehiloeng k'habone ea fiber e nka boemo bo ka sehloohong, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e nka karolo e fetang 90% ea carbon fiber eohle, ha viscose e thehiloeng carbon fiber e ikarabella ka tlase ho 1%.
Ho ea ka maemo a tlhahiso le mekhoa: carbon faeba (800-1600 ℃), graphite faeba (2000-3000 ℃), activated carbon faeba, mouoane hōlileng ka carbon faeba.
Ho ea ka thepa ea mechine, e ka aroloa ka mofuta o tloaelehileng le mofuta o phahameng oa ts'ebetso: matla a mofuta o tloaelehileng oa carbon fiber ke hoo e ka bang 1000MPa, 'me modulus e ka bang 100GPa;Mofuta o phahameng oa ts'ebetso o ka aroloa ka mofuta oa matla a phahameng (matla a 2000mPa, modulus 250gpa) le mohlala o phahameng (modulus 300gpa kapa ho feta), moo matla a fetang 4000mpa a boetseng a bitsoang mofuta oa matla a phahameng, le modulus e kholo ho feta 450gpa. e bitsoang "ultra-high model".
Ho ea ka boholo ba tow, e ka aroloa ka tow e nyenyane le tow e kholo: e nyenyane ea tow carbon fiber e haholo-holo 1K, 3K le 6K sethaleng sa pele, 'me butle-butle e ntlafatsoa ho 12K le 24K, e sebelisoang haholo-holo sebakeng sa lifofane, lipapali. le libaka tsa boikhathollo.Likhoele tsa carbon tse ka holimo ho 48K hangata li bitsoa likhoele tse kholo tsa khabone, ho kenyeletsoa 48K, 60K, 80K, joalo-joalo, tse sebelisoang haholo masimong a indasteri.
Matla a ho tiea le modulus ea tensile ke li-index tse peli tse ka sehloohong tsa ho lekola thepa ea carbon fiber.E ipapisitse le sena, China e phatlalalitse maemo a naha bakeng sa PAN e thehiloeng ho carbon fiber (GB / t26752-2011) ka 2011. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la monyetla o moholo oa Toray indastering ea lefats'e ea carbon fiber, bahlahisi ba bangata ba malapeng le bona ba amohela maemo a maemo a Toray. joalo ka sesupo.
1.2 lithibelo tse phahameng li tlisa boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng.Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho lemoha tlhahiso ea bongata ho ka fokotsa litšenyehelo haholo le ho eketsa katleho
1.2.1 mokoallo oa tekheniki oa indasteri o phahame, tlhahiso ea pele ke eona motheo, 'me carbonization le oxidation ke senotlolo.
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea carbon fiber e rarahane, e hlokang lisebelisoa tse phahameng le theknoloji.Taolo ea ho nepahala, mocheso le nako ea sehokelo ka seng e tla ama haholo boleng ba sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber e se e le eona e sebelisoang ka ho fetisisa le e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea carbon fiber hona joale ka lebaka la mokhoa oa eona oa ho lokisa o batlang o le bonolo, litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa tlhahiso le ho lahla litšila tse tharo.Propane ea thepa e tala e ka etsoa ka oli e tala, 'me ketane ea indasteri ea PAN carbon fiber e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso e felletseng ea tlhahiso ho tloha ho matla a mantlha ho isa ts'ebelisong ea terminal.
Ka mor'a hore propane e lokisoe ka oli e tala, propylene e ile ea fumanoa ka ho khetha catalytic dehydrogenation (PDH) ea propane;
Acrylonitrile e fumanoe ka ammoxidation ea propylene.Polyacrylonitrile (Pan) precursor e fumanoe ka polymerization le spinning ea acrylonitrile;
Polyacrylonitrile is pre oxidized, carbonized at low and high temperatures to find carbon fiber, e ka etsoang ka carbon faeba lesela le carbon faeba prepreg bakeng sa tlhahiso ea carbon faeba metsoako;
Fiber ea carbon e kopantsoe le resin, ceramics le lisebelisoa tse ling ho etsa metsoako ea carbon fiber.Qetellong, lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa lits'ebetso tse tlase li fumanoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho bopa;
Boemo ba boleng le ts'ebetso ea selelekela ka kotloloho bo supa ts'ebetso ea ho qetela ea fiber ea carbon.Ka hona, ho ntlafatsa boleng ba tharollo ea ho phunya le ho ntlafatsa lintlha tsa ho theha selelekela ho fetoha lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa ho lokisa carbon fiber ea boleng bo holimo.
Ho ea ka "Lipatlisiso mabapi le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea polyacrylonitrile e thehiloeng ho carbon fiber precursor", mokhoa oa ho ohla haholo-holo o kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e meraro: ho ohia ka metsi, ho ohla ho omileng le ho ohla ho omileng ha metsi.Hajoale, ho ohla ho ohla ho ommeng ho ommeng ho sebelisoa haholo-holo ho hlahisa selelekela sa polyacrylonitrile lapeng le kantle ho naha, moo ho ohia ka metsi ho sebelisoang haholo.
Ho ohla ka metsi ho qala ka ho ntša tharollo ea ho ohla ho tloha lesobeng la spinneret, 'me tharollo e ohiang e kena ka bateng ea coagulation ka mokhoa oa phallo e nyenyane.Mochine oa ho ohla oa tharollo ea polyacrylonitrile spinning ke hore ho na le lekhalo le leholo pakeng tsa mahloriso a DMSO ka tharollo ea ho ohla le ho hlapa ha coagulation, hape ho na le lekhalo le leholo pakeng tsa metsi a mangata ka har'a bateng ea coagulation le tharollo ea polyacrylonitrile.Tlas'a tšebelisano ea liphapang tse peli tse ka holimo tsa mahloriso, mokelikeli o qala ho hasana ka mahlakoreng a mabeli, 'me qetellong o kopana ho ba li-filaments ka ho fetisoa ka bongata, ho fetisoa ha mocheso, ho tsamaisana ha mohato le mekhoa e meng.
Tlhahisong ea selelekela, palo e setseng ea DMSO, boholo ba fiber, matla a monofilament, modulus, elongation, oli ea oli le ho fokotseha ha metsi a belang ho fetoha lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang boleng ba selelekela.Ho nka palo e setseng ea DMSO e le mohlala, e na le tšusumetso ho thepa e bonahalang ea selelekela, boemo ba likarolo tse fapaneng le boleng ba CV ea sehlahisoa sa ho qetela sa carbon fiber.Ha palo e setseng ea DMSO e le tlase, e eketsa ts'ebetso ea sehlahisoa.Ha ho etsoa tlhahiso, DMSO e tlosoa haholo ka ho hlatsoa, kahoo mokhoa oa ho laola mocheso oa ho hlatsoa, nako, palo ea metsi a letsoai le palo ea potoloho ea ho hlatsoa e fetoha sehokelo sa bohlokoa.
Selelekela sa boleng bo phahameng ba polyacrylonitrile se lokela ho ba le litšobotsi tse latelang: bongata bo phahameng, bokhabane bo phahameng, matla a loketseng, karolo e chitja ea sefapano, mefokolo e fokolang ea 'mele, bokaholimo bo boreleli le junifomo le sebopeho sa mantlha sa letlalo.
Taolo ea mocheso oa carbonization le oxidation ke senotlolo.Carbonization le oxidation ke mohato oa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea lihlahisoa tsa ho qetela tsa carbon faeba ho tloha pele.Mohatong ona, ho nepahala le mefuta e fapaneng ea mocheso li lokela ho laoloa ka nepo, ho seng joalo, matla a tensile a lihlahisoa tsa carbon fiber a tla ameha haholo, 'me a be a lebise ho robeha ha terata.
Preoxidation (200-300 ℃): ts'ebetsong ea preoxidation, selelekela sa PAN se ts'oaroa butle butle butle ka ho sebelisa tsitsipano e itseng moeeng oa oxidizing, ho etsa palo e kholo ea mehala ea mehele motheong oa ketane e otlolohileng ea pan, e le ho finyella morero oa ho mamella phekolo e phahameng ea mocheso.
Carbonization (boholo ba mocheso o seng ka tlase ho 1000 ℃): ts'ebetso ea carbonization e lokela ho etsoa sebakeng se se nang moea.Nakong ea pele ea carbonization, ketane ea pan e robeha 'me karabelo ea crosslinking e qala;Ka ho eketseha ha mocheso, mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha mocheso o qala ho lokolla palo e kholo ea likhase tse nyenyane tsa molek'hule, 'me sebopeho sa graphite se qala ho theha;Ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, carbon content e ile ea eketseha ka potlako 'me carbon fiber ea qala ho theha.
Graphitization (mocheso oa phekolo o ka holimo ho 2000 ℃): graphitization hase mokhoa o hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea carbon fiber, empa ke mokhoa oa boikhethelo.Haeba ho lebeletsoe hore modulus e phahameng ea elastic ea carbon fiber, graphitization e hlokehe;Haeba ho lebeletsoe matla a phahameng a carbon fiber, graphitization ha e hlokahale.Ts'ebetsong ea graphitization, mocheso o phahameng o etsa hore fiber e be sebopeho se tsoetseng pele sa graphite mesh, 'me sebopeho se kopantsoe ka ho taka ho fumana sehlahisoa sa ho qetela.
Litšitiso tse phahameng tsa tekheniki li etsa hore lihlahisoa tse tlase li be le boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng, 'me theko ea lisebelisoa tsa lifofane e phahame ka makhetlo a 200 ho feta ea silika e tala.Ka lebaka la bothata bo phahameng ba ho lokisa carbon fiber le ts'ebetso e rarahaneng, ha lihlahisoa li ntse li theoha, ho na le boleng bo phahameng bo eketsehileng.Haholo-holo bakeng sa lik'hemik'hale tse phahameng tsa carbon faeba tse sebelisoang tšimong ea sefofane, hobane bareki ba tlaase ba na le litlhoko tse thata haholo mabapi le ho tšepahala le botsitso ba eona, theko ea sehlahisoa e boetse e bontša kholo ea geometri e mengata ha e bapisoa le fiber e tloaelehileng ea carbon.
Nako ea poso: Jul-22-2021